Global Fiscalisation Terminology Reference

A common language for fiscalisation, digital tax control, e-invoicing and e-reporting — built to make cross-jurisdiction discussion clearer and more precise.

144Jurisdictions
2867Terms
V1/2026Latest edition
Global Fiscalisation Terminology Reference

Supporting a common language for global fiscalisation

Different jurisdictions use different terms for similar concepts. The GFTR brings clarity by providing consistent, evidence-based definitions and jurisdictional context — helping governments, tax authorities, businesses and technology providers communicate more effectively.

Download the GFTR

Get the latest edition of the Global Fiscalisation Terminology Reference, including all current terms and jurisdictional information.

Citation

Mészöly, I. (2026). Global Fiscalisation Terminology Reference (GFTR), V1/2026. Available at: fiscalisations.com/gftr

Format

PDF | 143 jurisdictions | 2,877 terms | Open access

Find terms, definitions and jurisdictional usage

Search by GFTR term. Use the jurisdiction selector to narrow the results to a country or jurisdiction.

2,867 terms

統一發票

TERM

Uniform Invoice

Taiwan’s government-controlled invoice system used for taxable business transactions, revenue tracking, consumer verification and the uniform-invoice prize system.
Relevance: Fiscalisation, VAT, Invoice ControlTags / Context: 統一發票, uniform invoice, invoice lottery, MOFPDF page: 302

統一發票中獎號碼

TERM

Uniform-Invoice Prize Winning Numbers

Bimonthly winning-number announcements for Taiwan’s uniform-invoice prize system, published through MOF / eTax Portal services.
Relevance: Fiscalisation, Receipt Lottery, Consumer IncentiveTags / Context: 統一發票中獎號碼, uniform invoice lottery, prize winning numbersPDF page: 302

統一發票兌獎 APP

TERM

Uniform Invoice Lottery Redemption APP

MOF-supported app used by consumers to check cloud invoices, manage prize redemption and support automatic remittance of uniform-invoice prize winnings.
Relevance: Fiscalisation, Receipt Lottery, Consumer ServicesTags / Context: 統一發票兌獎 APP, uniform invoice lottery, cloud invoice, mobile barcodePDF page: 302

統一編號

TERM

Uniform Business Number / UBN

Taiwanese business identifier used for company, business-tax and uniform-invoice purposes, including buyer and seller identification in invoice and tax-administration contexts.
Relevance: Business Identifier, VAT, e-InvoicingTags / Context: 統一編號, UBN, business number, uniform invoicePDF page: 302

红字发票

TERM

Red-Letter Invoice

Corrective invoice used to offset, reverse or adjust a previously issued invoice under China’s invoice-management rules.
Relevance: Document Type, VAT, CorrectionTags / Context: correction invoice, red-letter invoice, adjustmentPDF page: 89

红字发票信息确认单

TERM

Red-Letter Invoice Information Confirmation Form

Confirmation document used in the red-letter digitalised electronic invoice process where a blue-letter invoice has already been confirmed for use or accounting treatment.
Relevance: Document Control, VAT, CorrectionTags / Context: red-letter invoice, confirmation form, correction processPDF page: 89

自然人憑證

TERM

Citizen Digital Certificate

Taiwan digital certificate used by individuals for government online services, including selected MOF e-invoice platform and carrier-related functions where certificate-based access is supported.
Relevance: Digital Identity, e-Invoicing, Taxpayer AccessTags / Context: 自然人憑證, citizen digital certificate, MOF, carrier settingsPDF page: 303

蓝字发票

TERM

Blue-Letter Invoice

Positive original invoice issued for a transaction, which may later be corrected through a red-letter invoice process where required.
Relevance: Document Type, VAT, e-InvoicingTags / Context: original invoice, blue-letter invoice, 数电发票PDF page: 88

課税事業者

TERM

Taxable Business Operator

Business operator subject to Consumption Tax obligations and capable of registering as a qualified invoice issuer where the statutory conditions are met.
Relevance: Consumption Tax, Taxpayer Status, Qualified Invoice SystemTags / Context: 課税事業者, taxable business, qualified invoice issuerPDF page: 170

財政部 / MOF

TERM

Ministry of Finance, R.O.C.

Taiwanese ministry responsible for national tax policy, uniform invoice administration, electronic uniform invoice policy and the MOF E-Invoice Platform.
Relevance: Tax Authority, VAT, e-Invoicing, FiscalisationTags / Context: 財政部, MOF, electronic uniform invoice, eGUIPDF page: 302

Who is it for

Governments & tax authorities

Useful for teams shaping fiscal policy, compliance architecture and regulatory communication.

Technology providers

Supports shared interpretation across product, compliance, implementation and commercial teams.

Researchers & analysts

Provides a reference point for comparative work, evidence synthesis and terminology alignment.

Associations & advisers

Helps explain country-specific language and reduce ambiguity in cross-border discussions.

How the GFTR supports work

Stronger cross-jurisdiction dialogue

Supports consistent understanding across different regulatory frameworks.

Better policy and implementation

Helps align discussions between governments, tax authorities and the private sector.

Practical, evidence-based definitions

Built from real-world systems and authoritative sources across jurisdictions.

A living reference

Regularly updated to reflect ongoing regulatory developments and emerging practices.